Types And Nature Of Foreign Aid Economics Essay free essay sample

The decrease of the strategic importance of foreign assistance has been reinforced by the terminal of the Cold War which led to its decreasing flows in the 1990s. Though the measure of assistance has decreased significantly, the sum of assistance bureaus has been seen to hit up from about 7 in 1960 to around 50 by the 1990s. The many-sided establishments, most significantly being the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have taken a slightly distinguished right over the financial policies of the underdeveloped universe. These organisations enforce steadfast fortunes on the beneficiary states and intimidate them to retreat assistance if the provinces of personal businesss promised to them are non fulfilled. To some grade, assistance flows have encouraged growing and structural alteration in the beneficiary states, peculiarly in the period of natural catastrophes and post-war Reconstruction. However, it is explicitly stated that the deductions of foreign assistance on growing and enlargement are unequal since foreign assistance is often aimed at political and military Fieldss in contrast to human development ( Hang Le and Ataullah, 2007 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Types And Nature Of Foreign Aid Economics Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2.2.3 Types and nature of foreign assistance Foreign assistance has an highly diverse and heterogenous nature. We can non give a individual figure to it and analyse the whole state of affairs based on merely one figure ( Mavrotas, 2002 ) . 2.2.3.1 Beginnings of foreign assistance At least four different classs of assistance are presented in literature: undertaking assistance with a instead drawn-out gestation period, proficient aid, and nutrient assistance and other trade good assistance which adds straight to ingestion. To these four types of foreign assistance, exigency or alleviation assistance could be added as a distinguishable class, given its lifting importance in recent old ages ( Mavrotas, 2002 ) . 2.2.4 Theories and theoretical accounts of foreign assistance in literature 2.2.4.1. The double spread theoretical account A theoretical theoretical account of foreign assistance in literature is the double spread theoretical account. The Dual-gap theory emphasizes the function of imports and foreign exchange within the development procedure. The characteristic part of the dual-gap analysis is that though foreign exchange is the taking restraint, it points to the double function of foreign adoption in increasing non merely scarce domestic economy but besides foreign exchange. It is apparent that domestic proviso requires domestic economy ; and that foreign proviso of goods requires foreign exchange. There is ever a demand for a minimal sum of foreign exchange to prolong the growing procedure. The theoretical account takes both the traditional and modern position on foreign assistance- as a encouragement to domestic economy and, on the other manus, import of goods necessary for growing with the assistance of foreign aid. The dual-gap analysis besides presents a more relevant theory of trade for developing states which justifies protection and import permutation ( Ahmed, 2001 ) 2.2.4.2 The foreign exchange spread The foreign exchange spread is defined as the shortage on the state s current history where the balance of payments exceeds the capital influxs. The foreign exchange spread is a concept really pertinent to developing states. They are normally characterized as being short of capital, since their economy and investing rates differ from developed states. With external assistance and other signifiers of pecuniary aid, developing and developing states can acquire initial capital required to ship on the tract to industrialisation. Once industrialisation is underway, the job of domestic salvaging resolutenesss bit by bit. The two spread theoretical account is based on the premise that for developing states to keep high growing and industrialisation, foreign currency is needed to import capital equipment, natural stuffs and intermediate goods. Thus foreign exchange spread can go a large development restraint. Hence, recipient states may necessitate foreign assistance in order to provide to their foreign exchange spread. 2.3 A reappraisal of the demand and supply side factors of foreign assistance 2.3.1. Demand side factors and the three spread theoretical account As opposed to macroeconomic growing theoretical accounts of full employment, the three-gap theoretical account unequivocally considers the interplay between capacity enlargement and capacity use . In add-on, less data demand of the theoretical account makes it well-suited to states such as China and Pakistan, where the coverage, coverage and handiness of clip series informations is really limited. Gap analysis assumes that the incremental capital-output ratio and other behavioural indexs are fixed in the medium-term and that there is restricted replacing and permutation between domestic and foreign resources. Harmonizing to the three-gap theoretical account, the enlargement and use of current productive capacity is constrained by non merely the domestic and foreign nest eggs, but besides by the impact of financial restrictions on authorities disbursement and hence on its public investing picks ( Zhang and Chen, 2006 ) . 2.3.1.1 Motivations of Recipient Countries of Foreign Aid Many donees obtain assistance from some OECD helpers yearly. Recent research suggests that corrupt receiver authoritiess, particularly of the underdeveloped universe, have inducements to follow with donor aims in the public wellness sectors but they will make so in assistance sectors, in which conformity is less dearly-won. This scheme allows corrupt receivers to accomplish at least some developmental undertakings successfully, therefore warranting extra assistance influxs ( Dietrich, 2011 ) . 2.3.1.2 Policies of receiver states sing foreign assistance Many developing states experience a phenomenal debt load in stead of the increasing inclination towards giving loan assistance as opposed to giving assistance as grants while binding assistance to the giver states exports. Given the equivocal effects of foreign aid and unequal power over the measure of assistance received, practicians and policy shapers in developing states make an attempt to seek utility footing for abroad capital, such as foreign private investing and direct and portfolio investing. Besides, the conditions imposed by assistance bureaus such as IMF and World Bank, may take to restrictions on policy liberty of the recipient state and go influential in ordering authoritiess of receiver states. Observed grounds recommends that assistance has non added intensely to the growing and economic development of beneficiary states and in many instances it has amplified inequalities among different groups ( Hang Le and Ataullah, 2011 ) . Many surveies even suggest that assistance has the possible to detain the timing of of import betterments and alterations by giving auxiliary capital to vested benefits which persuade governments of the recipient state to decline to accept accommodations ( Casella and Eichengreen, 1996 ) . 2.3.2. Supply side factors 2.3.2.1 Determinants of giver s assistance allotment policies The mounting leaning toward giving assistance in the signifier of loans as opposed to giving assistance in grants and towards repairing assistance to the giver states exports is a manner of the giver to increase the debt load of the recipient state so that it becomes economically dependent on it for serving its debt ( Le and Ataullah, 2011 ) . Foreign Aid establishments, such as WB and IMF, have become even more dominant in utilizing the authoritiess of recipient state in their ain strategic involvements. Bermeo ( 2011 ) surveies data to look into the relationship between foreign assistance and the possibility of democratisation in assistance receivers. Harmonizing to him, the association of democratisation and foreign assistance lies on individualism of the assistance helper. In the period 1992 to 2007, assistance from democratic givers was found to be linked with an addition in the chance of a democratic passage. It suggested that self-governing and independent givers use limited assistance capital to back up democracy. However, within the same stage, foreign aid from autocratic authoritiess shows a negative relationship with democratisation. Authoritarian givers are dubious to encompass democracy indorsement in their intent to find the policy of assistance. China, for illustration, puts little conditionality on the assistance it extends and does non prioritise democratisation. Analyzing the web sites for the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development, the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development and The Saudi Fund for Development confirms that jobs of administration are non listed as large precedences for these givers. The Saudi Fund clearly puts its stance forward that loans it makes are without any judicial admissions and that it has direct trades with authorities sections of developing states in patronizing developments undertakings, supplying direct grounds that it does non follow new ways of directing assistance which many OECD givers comply with. It is possible that the difference seen in the contrast between democratic and autocratic assistance is in their association with regime alteration and is driven by the pick of receivers to a great extent. Balla and Reinhardt ( 2008 ) have another point of view. They find that givers have responded to equilibrate inducements to diminish recipient poorness and farther donor political and economic ends. Every bilateral giver conditions aid on struggle. The U.S. allocates immense sums of development assistance to states surrounding a struggle, in both pre- and post-Cold War times. However, commanding for development degrees and donor economic and political involvement, most givers cut down assistance to a receiver with an in-house or nearby intense struggle ( Balla and Reinhardt, 2008 ) . It is seen that most western givers give significant sums of foreign assistance to pervert states. While this might propose a policy failure to some, it may good be declarative of giver pattern that is frequently overlooked in literature: recipient authoritiess good behaviour in foreign assistance sectors, irrespective of their hapless national establishments, affairs for allotment. When measuring the high fiducial hazards associated with disbursement money on the universe s poorest and frequently most corrupt states, givers look for specific sector-related advancement ( Dietrich, 2011 ) . 2.3.3 Politicss and geopolitics of foreign assistance 2.3.3.1 Geopoliticss and foreign policy Many democratic assistance givers province the publicity of democracy as a major end in their foreign policy. The United States Agency for International Development ( USAID ) puts frontward the position the position that their work gives support to evenhanded economic growing while widening U.S foreign policy motivations by assisting in prolonging growing, trade, agribusiness, democracy, human-centered aid, planetary wellness and struggle bar. The United Kingdom s Department for International Development ( DFID ) , nevertheless, gave form to a Governance and Transparency Fund which redresses issues which enable citizens of states to voices their positions and keep their authoritiess accountable to their actions ( Bermeo, 2011 ) . 2.3.3.2 Geopoliticss and foreign assistance Tingley ( 2009 ) uses a time-series cross-sectional informations set to analyze the influence of alterations in political and financial variables. Harmonizing to him, as authoritiess become more and more conservative, their assistance attempt starts to fall. Domestic political variables emerge to act upon assistance attempt, nevertheless, merely for assistance to low income states and multilaterals as compared to help attempt to middle income states which remains unaffected. This emphasizes donor economic and international strategic involvements as grounds of giver assistance policy may be misjudged. His consequences besides suggest foundations of assistance volatility that might coerce recipient growing chances ( 2009 ) . 2.3.3.3 Governance and its relation to foreign assistance Burnside and Dollar s ( 2000 ) survey introduces administration into the effectivity of assistance argument. They analyze the fact that assistance additions overall economic growing in the recipient state, provided it is used optimally with good administration patterns and financial and pecuniary policies. They shift their focal point from policies to establishments, happening empirical support and grounds for a multiplier consequence of good administration. The focal point of research assistance effectivity is the conditioning consequence of political establishments. Kosack ( 2003 ) besides looks into the conditioning consequence of democracy but adds the facet of human development to it excessively. He shows that more democratic authoritiess are more efficient at imparting assistance by bettering peoples lives, as calculated with the Human Development Index ( Dietrich, 2011 ) . Recent research suggests that corrupt receiver authoritiess, particularly of the underdeveloped universe, have inducements to follow with donor aims in the public wellness sectors but they will make so in assistance sectors, in which conformity is less dearly-won. This scheme allows corrupt receivers to accomplish at least some developmental undertakings successfully, therefore warranting extra assistance influxs ( Dietrich, 2011 ) . This implies immense loopholes in good administration by recipient states. There are illustrations that province otherwise. Good administration patterns can be found in corrupt receiver states excessively. Bangladesh, which ranks among the universe s most corrupt states by Transparency International ( 2006 ) , received US $ 833 million in foreign assistance in 2006, of which merely US $ 170 million was health-related assistance. Despite highly high corruptness degrees, the state has shown noteworthy success over the last twosome of old ages in bettering the status of basic wellness services. Donor representatives appreciate Bangladeshi coaction in turn toing indispensable demands of their citizens, peculiarly on kid wellness results. Whether a state is receptive to the giver s calls will hold an consequence on the nature and size of foreign assistance. Similarly, Mali, which is besides seen as a corrupt state late received a positive mentioning by an OECD wellness assistance appraisal ( 2009 ) , but accomplished really small in other sectors. Targeted and sustained immunisation, particular authorities plans to cut down pneumonia-related deceases, national consciousness runs on the intervention of diarrhoea, better sanitation, and better entree to safe H2O. For theories of assistance effectivity focused on the quality of administration, such narratives might look inconsistent. The high corruptness tonss should intend that Bangladesh s authorities would direct significant sums of public wellness assistance for private addition and less to go forth aside for development intents ( Dietrich, 2011 ) . There is turning understanding that assistance transparence and good administration must be improved to acquire better assistance effectivity. Aid transparence can be defined as complete handiness of assistance information in a systematic and timely mode, which would let community part and rank in authorities answerability ( Ghosh and Kharas, 2011 ) . Greater transparence helps donor states to measure their assistance plans more expeditiously. Some states, such as the US, provide assistance through multiple bureaus, frequently with overlapping duties. The consequence is a confusing reproduction of activities and diffuses answerability. Greater transparence is necessary for recipient state citizens to be able to keep their authorities accountable over disagreements in the figures for foreign assistance spent and received. For illustration, in Afghanistan, an functionary at the Ministry of Finance when interviewed by Oxfam America said that since 2001, the US had pledged $ 32 billion in assistance but less than 20 % ( $ 6 billion ) was recorded in the authorities databases. This means that Afghans have no manner of cognizing what happened to the other $ 26 billion that the US could hold spent in their state. 18 With greater transparence of how much assistance is coming into their state, citizens and authorities functionaries can hold a greater say in how best to utilize the financess ( Ghosh and Kharas, 2011 ) . 2.4 Foreign assistance influx, revenue enhancement reforms and revenue enhancement attempt 2.4.1 Aid effectivity on revenue enhancement attempt The relationship between assistance effectivity and revenue enhancement attempt can be highlighted utilizing the instance of Pakistan as a typical developing state. Pakistan was among the major assistance beneficiary states in the sixtiess, 70s, and 80s. Unfortunately, the benefits of such assistance could non make the society as a whole, particularly in countries of financial grosss. Foreign assistance failed to bring on the authorities to develop a sound instruction criterion for the state. Though Pakistan had a great inflow of assistance within this clip period, the registration rate in schools of children- and the overall illiteracy rate- continued to being at its former degree ( about 59-65 % ) . Other Asiatic states such as Malaysia and Sri Lanka which got merely a partial portion of assistance comparative to Pakistan in the seventiess were successful in bettering the literacy rates significantly. Other indexs, like employment and wellness, present the same word picture.

Comparisons between medeval and modern life essays

Comparisons between medeval and modern life essays I would like to focus my response paper on the similarities, as well as some differences between the world of Cecilia, and the world today. I found that there are many similar aspects with slight twists. Farming was then, and is now one of the major aspects of daily life for many people. Like Brigstock, Montana, is an area dominated by an agricultural economy. The ownership of land is still today thought of as a symbol of wealth, or power. However just as in Brigstock, most people have no land. One similarity however for those who do own land, it is usually passed down to them by their fathers, and so on. The only reason there arent more farmers is because of the simple fact of changing times, and the necessity for other jobs. The idea of shared public lands for grazing, foraging, and gathering firewood, still exists today. The BLM or Borough of Land Management, controls state lands which are leased out to farmers, and can be used freely by the public. The National Forest Service lands are open to farmers who are allowed to let their livestock graze there during certain times. Cecelia, and her fellow townspeople were aloud use of the kings forest. The only difference between his forest, and ours is private, versus public ownership. However, both are managed and controlled by government officials. In Brigstock, the forest guards were the Foresters, today there Forest Rangers. Legally there are some very similar aspects of life then and now. As I understand it during Cecilias time if you did not report a crime that you witnessed by raising the Hue. Granted, today we dont go around reporting every minor offence, however it is today still illegal to not report a crime. Also, during that time if you were wronged, you could bring legal action against those that wronged you. The modern day equivalent is the law-suit. Also, the idea that people were selected randomly from the community when a jury was needed. Howe...

Why Presidents Use So Many Pens to Sign Bills Into Law

Why Presidents Use So Many Pens to Sign Bills Into Law Presidents often use several pens to sign a bill into law, a tradition dates back nearly a century  and continues to this day. President Donald Trump, for example, used several bill-signing pens on his first day in office when he put his signature on his first executive order,  instructing federal agencies to uphold the Affordable Care Act while also  working to minimize the unwarranted economic and regulatory burdens on American citizens and companies. Trump used so many pens and handed them out as souvenirs on Jan. 20, 2017, the day he was sworn into office, that he joked to staff: â€Å"I think we’re going to need some more pens, by the way ... The government is getting stingy, right?† Oddly enough, before Trump,  President Barack Obama  used nearly two dozen pens to sign that same legislation into law in  2010. Thats a lot of pens. Unlike his predecessor, Trump uses gold-plated pens from  A.T. Cross Co.  based in Rhode Island. The companys suggested retail price for the pens is $115 apiece. The practice of using several pens isnt universal, however. Obamas predecessor, President George W. Bush, never used more than one pen to sign a bill into law. Tradition   The first president to use more than one pen to sign a bill into law was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who served in the White House from March 1933 until April 1945. According to Bradley H. Pattersons To Serve the President: Continuity and Innovation in the White House Staff, the president used several pens to sign bills of high public interest during signing ceremonies in the Oval Office. Most presidents now use multiple pens to sign those bills into law. So what did the president do with all those pens? He gave them away, most of the time. Presidents gave the pens as commemorative souvenirs to members of Congress or other dignitaries who had been active in getting the legislation passed.  Each pen was presented in a special box bearing the presidential seal and the name of the president who did the signing,  Patterson writes. Valuable Souvenirs Jim Kratsas of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum told National Public Radio in 2010 that presidents have been using multiple pens so they can distribute them to lawmakers and others who were instrumental in shepherding the legislation through Congress at least since President Harry Truman was in office. As Time magazine put it: The more pens a President uses, the more thank-you gifts he can offer to those who helped create that piece of history. The pens used by presidents to sign important pieces of legislation are considered valuable and have shown up for sale in some cases. One pen showed up for sale on the Internet for $500. Examples Most modern presidents use more than one pen to sign landmark legislation into law.   President Bill Clinton used four pens to sign the  Line-Item Veto. He gave the pens to former Presidents  Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H.W. Bush, according to an account of the signing by Time magazine.Obama used 22 pens to sign health care reform legislation into law in March of 2010. He used a different pen for each letter or half letter of his name. This is gonna take a little while, Obama said. According to the Christian Science Monitor, it took Obama 1 minute and 35 seconds to sign the bill using those 22 pens.​President Lyndon Johnson used 72 pens when he signed the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Research Paper of the Research Proposal that I give you

Of the Proposal that I give you - Research Paper Example Nok sculptures also show animals and humans. Their purpose is yet unknown, because scientific fieldwork is still not available. Essentially, the terracotta is preserved in the variety of littered pieces. That is why Nok art is famous presently just for the heads, both male and female, whose hairstyles are especially comprehensive and advanced. The sculptures are in remains since the discoveries are normally made from alluvial mud, in landscape made by the attrition of water. The terracotta sculptures established there are secreted, rolled, polished and fragmented. Hardly are the works of great size preserved intact making the, exceedingly prized on the global art market. The terracotta figurines are hallow, coil produced, almost life sized human heads and torso shown with exceedingly stylized aspects, adequate jewellery, and different stances. Numerous artifacts have been established depicting an assortment of physical ailments, including incapacitating illness and facial paralysis. The Nok culture of central Nigeria is famous for its terracotta sculptures and denotes the first sculptural in Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, Nok plays a well know functions in the appearance of iron technology, offering some of the most primitive proof of iron smelting in West Africa about 500 BC as illustrated by excavations in Taruga. In comparison to its scientific significance, Nok remained a mystery for a long time, since few archaeological fieldwork has been committed to the Nok culture, and previously, little less is known about the creators of those remarkable works of art. In reality, Taruga is better described as an iron-smelting site, as huge figure of iron-smelting furnaces have been revealed but no abode has been found with surety. Test excavations have been conducted, which have long established. The position of many iron-smelting furnaces, some of which have been excavated have been found. It has also proved likely, as a consequent of the work at Taruga, to acquire a clearer perception of the pottery connected with the sculptures than has until now been likely from the alluvial sites. No particular stone tools have been identified at Taruga, so that there in any case it appears the Nok culture was totally iron-using. The iron smelting furnaces at Taruga are at the time the most primitive known in sub-Saharan Africa. The only location where a fulfilling interface has been discovered between a pre-metal and a metal using phase of technology is at Daima. In the farthest north-eastern horizon of Nigeria (Fagg 41-50). In 1943, an archeologist based in the United Kingdom Bernard Fagg, traveled across central Nigeria looking for artifacts of any known ancient African civilization, and collected virtually 200 terracottas through buying, persuasion, and his own excavations. Soil examination from the sites where the artifacts were discovered dated them about 500 B.C. This appeared unlikely since the form of advanced communities that would have created such works were not thought to have existed in West Africa that early. However, when Fagg subjected plant content identified embedded in the terracotta to the then new method of radiocarbon dating, the dates varied from 440 B.C. to A.D. On the other hand, a scarecrow head was excavated and dated to about 500 B.C. utilizing a procedure known as thermoluminescence that measures the time since baked clay was fired. Taruga

Review Of Film Breathless Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review Of Film Breathless - Essay Example Basically, Michel seems to suffer from gradual exhaustion of his limited energy, passion, and courage. In the end, he is dead on his feet. Social power always punishes individuals who are rebellious and discontent with the original social system. Fighting against the social system often happens to be a doomed battle in which an individual like Michel either chooses to die or has no choice but to surrender. Faced with the looming prospect of death, Michel still believes in the motto â€Å"All or nothing† which identifies how a person can never be both a rebel and a bender. He famously claims in the movie, â€Å"You’ve got to have all or nothing†. Michel’s last moments are considered some of the most iconic moments in French cinema. Being a rebel chased by police, Michel naturally feels tired and drained from all the fuss. He craves comfort and warmth amidst much darkness. For example, waking up next to a woman seems like a very happy and fulfilling experien ce for him. He needs such a woman in his life who could make him feel fulfilled taking him away from all the drama in his life. He wants such a companion not only to become able to satisfy his sexual needs, but he also has other hidden desires embedded deep in his heart  Michel tells a story in the film in which a man who steals 5000000 francs finds a woman and together they spend their time as a happy couple pampering themselves. The thief in Michel’s story makes the woman he likes his partner by confessing to her

Strategies for Diversification

Strategies for Diversification INTRODUCTION The Fine idea also known as Fine stationery is a Pvt ltd. Company which was started in the year 1995 by Mr. Kalpesh.S.Patel with the capital of Rs.50,000/- and he is the CEO and chairperson of the firm. They provide printing services and are Manufacturers License of Disney products. Fine Ideas is manufacturer of stationary, print promotion, table mats, mouse pads, packaging, brochures and pamphlet, design items. It is a company along with acting as supplier from Mumbai. The company also gives ideas and concepts for promotional activities. The company runs smoothly and hardly faces any problems. Recently they faced a problem of decrease in sales. They are willing for diversification of their products, to increase their sales. Should they go for diversification of their products to increase their sales or would it be too risky? This led me to come up with a research question Should FINE IDEAS consider diversification of their products to increase their sales? With the help of primary research and secondary information collected, I used Ansoff Matrix to find the solution to the problem. The main reason for the decrease in sale is an increase in competition. The company is not strong enough to face challenges laid down by competitors. The research will suggest an alternate path of diversification which if company chooses will be worth its survival in the market. If the company does not come up with quick and appropriate decision then it will have to suffer heavy loss. The research will analyze the position of the company in the market. The result found after analysing the prevailing market conditions and the companys problems is that the firm should consider diversification of their products to come out of this problem of decrease in sales and to re-attain its forecasted sales. FINDINGS Diversification is part of the four main marketing strategies defined by the Product/Market Ansoff matrix: http://www.easilyinteractive.com/blog/uploaded_images/ansoff-779433.jpg Fine ideas pointed out that a diversification strategy stands apart from the other three strategies. The first three strategies are usually pursued with the same technical, financial, and merchandising resources used for the original product line, whereas diversification usually requires a company to acquire new skills, new techniques and new facilities which can be provided by Fine Ideas. The notion of diversification depends on the subjective interpretation of new market and new product, which should reflect the perceptions of their customers. The strategies of diversification can include internal development of Fine Ideas, acquisition of a firm, alliance with a complementary company, licensing of new technologies, and distributing or importing few products manufactured by another firm. Generally, the final strategy involves a combination of these options. This combination is determined in function of available opportunities and consistency with the objectives and the resources of the Fine Ideas. Rationale of diversification There are two dimensions of rationale for diversification. The first one relates to the nature of the strategic objective: diversification may be defensive or offensive. Defensive reasons may be spreading the risk of market contraction, or being forced to diversify when current product or current market orientation seems to provide no further opportunities for growth. Offensive reasons may be conquering new positions, taking opportunities that promise greater profitability than expansion opportunities, or using retained cash that exceeds total expansion needs. The second dimension involves the expected outcomes of diversification: management may expect great economic value or first and foremost great coherence and complementary to their current activities. In addition, companies may also explore diversification just to get a valuable comparison between this strategy and expansion. Factors of Risk involved for Fine Ideas to Diversify. Diversification is the riskiest of the four strategies presented in the Ansoff matrix and requires the most careful investigation for Fine Ideas. Going into an unknown market with an unfamiliar product offering means a lack of experience in the new skills and techniques required. Therefore, they will put themselves in a great uncertainty. Moreover, diversification might necessitate significant expanding of human and financial resources, which may distracts focus, commitment and sustained investments for the Fine Ideas. Therefore they should choose this option only when the current product or current market orientation does not offer further opportunities for growth. In order to measure the chances of success, Fine Ideas can also perform different tests like the attractiveness test, the cost-of-entry test and the better-off test. Because of the high risks Fine Ideas, may led to failure while attempting to diversify. However, there are a few good examples of successful diversification like Walt Disney moved from producing animated movies to theme parks. Companies like Fine Ideas diversify for a host of reasons. In some cases, its a survival strategy. For instance, if the company makes the bulk of its sales at a particular time of year, it makes sense to consider diversification. However, there are plenty of other good reasons for diversification, not least by extending your range of goods or services you can either sell more products to your existing customers or reach out to new markets. This can supercharge the growth prospects of Fine Ideas. And perhaps the biggest reason for doing it is to extend a brand reputation into other markets, with the knowledge that making your business bigger than ever imagined. ANALYSIS OF THE FINDINGS The analysis was done by discussing with the owner of the firm about the fall in demand of sales over the time. It was not possible to find the accurate decrease in sales because their firm was only the supplier and the goods then go in the godown of the marketing firm from where the goods were supplied to the retailers and wholesalers. Due to decrease in demand for the existing goods by the people, the goods were logged into the godown of the marketing sector and so they were not accepting the goods coming from the Fine Ideas as they already have stock with them. Henceforth with this analysis of the situation it is clearly pictured that is a decrease in sales for the company. The discussions took place in a positive manner as the current status proved that it was favourable and appropriate for the company to go for diversification as that was the easiest way out the problem faced by them. Following topic goes out of my assessment but I would like to mention that they have already put their thought and efforts in diversifying their products in some or the other way by starting their new business names as Facetoons which is a similar kind of printing firm but they provide print on mugs, plates, shirts and many more and therefore the business is growing rapidly because of the increasing demand of their new idea. This instance itself proves that it is very essential for them to start to diversify their products but they should not completely close down Fine Ideas because that is their image and reputation in market so they should work under the shade of Fine Ideas. Fine ideas had been discussing that business strategies expand the scope of reaching goal through diversification into their businesses But, under strict assumptions of risky markets, there is no obvious rational for the company to acquire another. Diversification is a promotion strategy and a form of corporate strategy which is advised for fine ideas. It seeks to increase profitability through greater sales volume obtained from new products and new markets. Fine Ideas can diversify at the business unit level or at the corporate level. At the business unit level they are most likely to expand into a new segment and at the corporate level and it is also very interesting entering a promising business outside of the scope of their business unit. CONCLUSIONS Concluding by answering to my research question, FINE IDEAS should consider diversification of their products to increase their sales. When to diversify for Fine Ideas History tells us its not advisable to consider diversification until the core business is stable and profitable. If Fine Ideas are still struggling to win orders and build a sales time for the core product, there is a real danger that diversification will take your eye of the ball. The catalyst is often the realization that growth in the core business is either slowing or set to slow, often because the market for a particular product is becoming saturated. Diversification strategy for Fine Ideas Fine Ideas can diversify by natural progression. More radically, they extend the brand by offering a much wider range of products that will nonetheless appeal to the same customers. Alternatively, they can use the strength of brand to move into new markets. Another popular business diversification strategy is to look backwards and forwards along the supply chain for opportunities to tighten your grip on the market. For instance, in the recent past people had seen building societies buying estate agents and computer manufacturers buying resellers. In the US Google has busily acquired the leading web data analysis tools, online advertising companies and the social networks and sites that deliver what they unerringly know their users want. The cons for Fine Ideas The company can get a hope for the extended product life cycle. Diversification can put you on the fast track to growth but if the strategy fails it can also burn up money. Expanding the product range and even if turnover increases, the increase in costs could result in a slump in profits. Extend the brand into new markets and there is a danger that it will have no resonance with the newly targeted customers. Thus its vital to research new markets before diversifying. Fine ideas should also look carefully at their existing business. Do they have the right managers to cope with a divaricating strategy? Should they integrate the diversified business into one company or ring fence the new operation as a business in its own right? And is your organization strong enough to be an umbrella brand where your core values resonate across the group? They should think hard before Fine Ideas commit their finances and precious time. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.fineideas.in/ http://www.hotfrog.in/Companies/Fine-Ideas Hoang, Paul, Business and management, IBID Press, 2007 http://www.easilyinteractive.com/blog/uploaded_images/ansoff-779433.jpg

Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale Essay

Figurative language was used by Margaret Atwood, through the persona of Offred, to illustrate The Handmaid’s Tale. Figurative Language consists of similes, metaphors, personification, alliteration, onomatopoeia, hyperbole and idioms. First, figurative language can be used to describe different settings. 1. Offred’s experience at night in her bedroom â€Å"The heat at night is worse than the heat in daytime. Even with the fan on, nothing moves, and the walls store up warmth, give it out like a used oven. Surely it will rain soon. Why do I want it? It will only mean more dampness. There’s lightning far away but no thunder. Looking out the window I can see it, a glimmer, like the phosphorescence you get in stirred seawater, behind the sky, which is overcast and too low and a dull gray infrared. The searchlights are off, which is not usual. A power failure. Or else Serena Joy has arranged it.† (Pg. 243) * Similes * Described the environment * Room: Glimmer in the window, like stirred seawater * Heat: Used oven * Weather: Lightning but no thunder 2. Offred describing the Particicution of a man convicted of rape â€Å"There’s a surge forward, like a crowd at a rock concert in the former time, when the doors opened, that urgency coming like a wave through us. The air is bright with adrenaline, we are permitted anything and this is freedom, in my body also, I’m reeling, red spreads everywhere, but before that tide of cloth and bodies hits him Ofglen is shoving through the women in front of us, propelling herself with her elbows, left, right, and running towards him†¦A high scream comes from somewhere, like a horse in terror.† (Pg. 262-263) * Simile and metaphor * Ofglen kicked his head several times and later explained to Offred that the man was part of the underground rebellion, so she wanted to put him out of his misery quickly